Xitsonga: hi

 
English: (copula) it is, in pres. indic.: hi yena la vulavulaka, it is he who is speaking.

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adv., conj., prep.

 
English: (adv., conj., prep.) because, by, by means of; swi endliwe ~ yena, it was done by him; ~ siku, by or per day; famba ~ ndlela leyi, go by this path; ~ ku landzela, according; ~ ndlela, accordingly; ~ ndlelanene, methodically; xigangu xa mina va tekile ~ ku tshama Joni, they married my sweetheart through or because of my staying in Johannesburg; ~ laha, in so far, through.

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vb. Pref. 1st pers. Pl. subj. And object

 
English: we, us: hi tirhile, we worked; va hi tiva, they know us.

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interj.

 
English: of surprise used by women.

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